| Synonyms |
ALD10, aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH10, ALDH10A8, ALDH10A9, BADH, BADH1, BADH2, badh2-E2, badh2-E7, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, chloroplastic, betaine aldehyde oxidase, betaine aldehyde: NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase, betaine aldehyde: NAD+ oxidoreductase, betaine aldehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase, betaine aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase, betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, BetB, dehydrogenase, betaine aldehyde, JcBD1, LcBADH, OsALDH10-1, OsALDH10-2, OsBADH1, OsBADH2, PaBADH, pkBADH, SACOL2628, YdcW, ZBD1, Zoysia betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 |
| Comments |
In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine. This enzyme is involved in the second step and appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria. In contrast, different enzymes are involved in the first reaction. In plants, this reaction is catalysed by EC 1.14.15.7 (choline monooxygenase), whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalysed by either membrane-bound EC 1.1.99.1 (choline dehydrogenase) or soluble (EC 1.1.3.17) choline oxidase [5]. In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156 (glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase) and EC 2.1.1.157 (sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase). |
