| Synonyms |
DsFAD-GPDH, FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, FAD-G3PDH, FAD-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, FAD-GPDH, FAD-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, flavin-linked glycerol-3-phosphate ubiquinone oxidoreductase, flavoprotein-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, G3PD, GDP, GlpO, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, glycerol-3-phosphate oxidoreductase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, GPD1, GPD2, GPDH, mGPDH, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mtG3PDH, putG3PDH, SDP6, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| Comments |
This flavin-dependent dehydrogenase is an essential membrane enzyme, functioning at the central junction of glycolysis, respiration and phospholipid biosynthesis. In bacteria, the enzyme is localized to the cytoplasmic membrane [6], while in eukaryotes it is tightly bound to the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane [2]. In eukaryotes, this enzyme, together with the cytosolic enzyme EC 1.1.1.8, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+), forms the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle by which NADH produced in the cytosol, primarily from glycolysis, can be reoxidized to NAD+ by the mitochondrial electron-transport chain [3]. This shuttle plays a critical role in transferring reducing equivalents from cytosolic NADH into the mitochondrial matrix [7,8]. Insect flight muscle uses only CoQ10 as the physiological quinone whereas hamster and rat mitochondria use mainly CoQ9 [4]. The enzyme is activated by calcium [3]. |
